Pattern

915 791 970 914 1098

Definition

French term for a bronze replica of the artist’s model that is used to make molds for the production of large editions in sand casting. In rare cases, a chef-modèle has been used in lost-wax casting.

Note: Pattern is a more general term for such a hard model for sand casting. The term is more commonly used in the context of industrial production of machine parts, but may be applied to sculptures as well, though in the context of European bronzes from the early 20th century onwards, chef-modèle has been adopted more frequently.

Homographs

Synonyms

Modello   Modello di riferimento

Related Terms

To Be Distinguished From

Sources

General Dictionaries

Merriam Webster Dictionary (no date). Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/.

Historical Sources

Bolland, S. (1894) The encyclopedia of founding and dictionary of foundry terms used in the practice of moulding. New York: Wiley.
Buchanan, J. (1903) Foundry Nomenclature. Londres: Spon.

Cultural Heritage Publications

Motture, P. (2019) The culture of bronze: making and meaning in Renaissance sculpture. London: V&A Publishing.

Category

objects

Getty AAT


Translations

English chef-modèle

Cultural Heritage Publications

Grissom, C. A. and Harvey, Ronald (2003) ‘The Conservation of American War Memorials Made of Zinc’, Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 42(1), pp. 21–38. doi: 10.1179/019713603806112859.
Barbour, D. and Sturman, S. (2017) ‘Casting Degas’s Sculptures into Bronze: A Closer Look’, in FACTURE: Conservation · Science · Art History, pp. 78–111., (p. 83)
Lebon, E. (2003) Dictionnaire des fondeurs de bronze d’art. France 1890-1950. Perth (Australie): Marjon éditions., (p. 14)
English pattern

General Dictionaries

Merriam Webster Dictionary (no date). Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/.

Historical Sources

Bolland, S. (1894) The encyclopedia of founding and dictionary of foundry terms used in the practice of moulding. New York: Wiley.
Buchanan, J. (1903) Foundry Nomenclature. Londres: Spon.

Cultural Heritage Publications

Motture, P. (2019) The culture of bronze: making and meaning in Renaissance sculpture. London: V&A Publishing.
Spanish modelo de fundición
Spanish modelo definitivo
French chef-modèle

Cultural Heritage Publications

Lebon, E. (2012) ‘Glossaire’, in Le fondeur et le sculpteur. Paris: Ophrys (Les Essais de l’INHA). Available at: http://journals.openedition.org/inha/3448.

Art and Craft Textbooks

Rama, J.-P. (1988) Le bronze d’art et ses techniques. Dourdan: Editions H. Vial., (p372)
French cuivre

Cultural Heritage Publications

Baudry, M. T., Bozo, D. and Inventaire général des monuments et des richesses artistiques de la, F. (1978) La Sculpture: Méthode et vocabulaire. Paris: Impr. nationale (Principes d’analyse scientifique)., (p759)
Lebon, E. (2012) ‘Glossaire’, in Le fondeur et le sculpteur. Paris: Ophrys (Les Essais de l’INHA). Available at: http://journals.openedition.org/inha/3448.
French maître-modèle

Art and Craft Textbooks

Rama, J.-P. (1988) Le bronze d’art et ses techniques. Dourdan: Editions H. Vial., (p372)
French modèle

Cultural Heritage Publications

Lebon, E. (2012) ‘Glossaire’, in Le fondeur et le sculpteur. Paris: Ophrys (Les Essais de l’INHA). Available at: http://journals.openedition.org/inha/3448.

Art and Craft Textbooks

Hamm, G. (1924) Manuel du Bronze d’art, ciselure et gravure. Paris: Librairie J.-B. Baillière et fils., (p43&85)
Dubos, J. (2003) ‘Fondeur d’art aujourd’hui’, Techne, 18, pp. 49–56.

Copper Industry

Koch, Z. J. and Newell, W. C. (eds) (1963) Vocabulary of Foundry Practice, In Six Languages: English, Czech, German, French, Polish, Russian. Oxford; New York: Pergamon Press.
Bader, O. and Théret, M. (1961) Dictionnaire de métallurgie. Eyrolles. Paris., (p614)
Association Technique de Fonderie, Commission Ingénieurs et Techniciens (1979) Dictionnaire idéologique de fonderie / indexed foundry dictionary / systematisches GieBereiwdrterbuch. Meudon, France: Techniques des industries de la Fonderie.
Brunhuber, E. (1988) Gießerei-Fachwörterbuch - Foundry dictionary. 4. Aufl. Berlin: Schiele & Schön.
French modèle mère

Copper Industry

Bader, O. and Théret, M. (1961) Dictionnaire de métallurgie. Eyrolles. Paris., (p615)
French modèle-maître

Cultural Heritage Publications

Baudry, M. T., Bozo, D. and Inventaire général des monuments et des richesses artistiques de la, F. (1978) La Sculpture: Méthode et vocabulaire. Paris: Impr. nationale (Principes d’analyse scientifique)., (p624)
Chinese 主铸型
Chinese 主铸模

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